![]() ![]() In Korea, the title of 현후 (縣侯 hyeonhu), the meaning of which is "marquess of district", existed for the hereditary nobility in the Goryeo dynasty.In Meiji Japan, 侯爵 ( kōshaku), a hereditary peerage ( kazoku) rank, was introduced in 1884, granting a hereditary seat in the upper house of the imperial diet just as a British peerage did (until the House of Lords Act 1999), with the ranks usually rendered as baron, viscount, count, marquis and duke/prince.It is often created with different sub-ranks. Its exact rank varies greatly from dynasty to dynasty, and even within a dynasty. In imperial China, 侯 ( hóu) is generally, but not always, a middle-to-high ranking hereditary nobility title. In ancient China, 侯 ( hóu) was the second of five noble ranks 爵 ( jué) created by King Wu of Zhou and is generally translated as marquess or marquis.However, they are considered "equivalent" in relative rank. Like other major Western noble titles, marquess (or marquis) is sometimes used to translate certain titles from non-Western languages with their own traditions, even though they are, as a rule, historically unrelated and thus hard to compare. I observed that there were very few Viscounts, to which he replied "There are very few Viscounts," that they were an old sort of title & not really English that they came from Vice-Comites that Dukes & Barons were the only real English titles – that Marquises were likewise not English, & that people were mere made Marquises, when it was not wished that they should be made Dukes. I spoke to about the numbers of Peers present at the Coronation, & he said it was quite unprecedented. On the evening of the Coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838, the Prime Minister Lord Melbourne explained to her why (from her journals): The rank of marquess was a relatively late introduction to the British peerage: no marcher lords had the rank of marquess, though some were earls. The title is ranked below that of a duke, which was often largely restricted to the royal family. As a result of this, a marquess was trusted to defend and fortify against potentially hostile neighbours and was thus more important and ranked higher than a count. In times past, the distinction between a count and a marquess was that the land of a marquess, called a march, was on the border of the country, while a count's land, called a county, often was not. The theoretical distinction between a marquess and other titles has, since the Middle Ages, faded into obscurity. The coronet for a marquess in the British realms Examples include the Marquess of Carpio, Grandee of Spain. ![]() ![]() Normally a marqués is addressed as " The Most Illustrious Lord" ( Ilustrísimo Señor), or if he/she is a grandee as " The Most Excellent Lord" ( Excelentísimo Señor). One hundred forty-two of them are Spanish grandees. In Spain, the rank of Marquess/Marchioness ( Marqués/ Marquesa) still exists. See Belgian nobility § Marquesses in the Belgian nobility and List of noble families in Belgium § Marquesses. The title of marquess in Belgium predates the French Revolution and still exists today. The titles " duke" and " count" were similarly distinguished as ranks in the Byzantine Empire, with dux (literally, "leader") being used for a provincial military governor and the rank of comes (literally "companion," that is, of the Emperor) given to the leader of an active army along the frontier. The distinction between governors of frontier territories and interior territories was made as early as the founding of the Roman Empire when some provinces were set aside for administration by the senate and more unpacified or vulnerable provinces were administered by the emperor. The French word was derived from marche ("frontier"), itself descended from the Middle Latin marca ("frontier"), from which the modern English word march also descends. The word marquess entered the English language from the Old French marchis ("ruler of a border area") in the late 13th or early 14th century. For other uses, see Marchesa (disambiguation), Marchese (disambiguation), Marchioness (disambiguation), Marquis (disambiguation), Marquise (disambiguation), and Marquesa (disambiguation).Ī 17th-century engraving of a marquis in the robe worn during his creation ceremony "Marchesa", "Marchese", "Marchioness", "Marquis", "Marquise", and "Marquesa" redirect here. ![]()
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